Medically reviewed by Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI Ejection fraction (EF) measures how well the heart pumps blood. A normal EF is ...

A ventricular ... In a normal individual without a cardiac shunt this ratio should be 1, however the pulmonary flow increases significantly compared to systemic flow when a left to right shunt ...

Chronic heart failure occurs when either the left ventricle, the right ventricle ... from normal as well as the e/e’ ratio. Diuresis can frequently reduce the left atrial pressure, relieving ...

This paper defends the thesis that the heart can also develop sports injuries at the ventricular level. We will elaborate on our hypothesis, originally put forward in 2003, that intense endurance ...