An atrial septal defect is an opening in the wall that separates the upper chambers of the heart. It is one of the most common congenital heart defects, which are structural problems that develop ...

The chest x-ray reveals a normal heart size. The ECG shows a systolic ... epicardial left coronary artery and several large septal perforators (Figure 3). The subject's metabolic panel, complete ...

During right heart catheterization, oxygen saturations are frequently measured from different cardiac chambers in order to identify left to right shunts. If a ventricular septal defect is present ...

Closure of an atrial septal defect can be done either percutaneously with a closure device or surgically. ASD closure is indicated when right heart enlargement is present, however not in the ...