Sinus rhythm (a.k.a. normal sinus rhythm) refers to the normal heart beat originating from the sinoatrial node. This is manifested as an upright P wave in lead II of the ECG. Sinus bradycardia ...

Inter-atrial shunt device therapy has shown mixed results in clinical trials, with clinical 'non-responders' typically showing features of more advanced heart failure. We aimed to analyse the ...

Severe sinus bradycardia Sinus pauses/sinus arrest Sinoatrial nodal exit block Chronotropic incompetence (failure of heart rate to increase during exercise) Clinical symptoms depend on the mechanism.