Vinken proposes that the scalloped-shape of the heart arose out of thirteenth century illustrators' efforts to reconcile the written descriptions of Aristotle's middle cavity and Galen's fovea by ...

The heart is inefficient (it doesn’t squeeze out enough blood), and obstruction in the heart cavity leads to murmurs that can worsen with exercise, make you breathless, and create electrical ...

With inspiration, there is a net decrease in intrathoracic pressures as the thoracic cavity volume expands; this allows blood to easily flow into the right heart. Conversely, left heart filling ...